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9.2

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  For this discussion I decided to talk about the weather hazard that I thought would pose the greatest threat to aviation, which being thunderstorms. It is impossible for small planes to fly over thunderstorms as they do not have the ability to fly that Hight and flying under can cause major damage or scary flight situations. So, the best way to stay safe in a thunderstorm situation is to fly around it. Thunderstorms in their most mature part of their stages, will consist of violent winds. Causing turbulence to any plane flying through them. They also come with hail or rain causing damage to the aircraft or making the runway slippery and unsafe to land. Thunderstorms can form at random in areas of unstable air or can take hours to form, so watching the radar closely before going on your flight is the best thing to do. Tornados can be a result of thunderstorms as well. with winds inside the tornados reaching up to 200 knots no plane would want to be caught up in that. Also, if a to...
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8.2 air traffic

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 There is many different type of air traffic controllers all to make sure pilots everywhere can operate safely without fear of hitting another plane or encountering unsafe situations. Some of the few types of air traffic controllers are tower controllers, approach and depart controllers, and en route controllers. Starting off with tower controllers, these people direct the movements of all vehicles that are on taxiways and runways. They make sure that no plane or car with run in to each other or should even get close to each other. They try to make It a smooth transition for everyone, but the priority will be with the planes. Now the approach and depart controllers. They make sure that all aircraft in the surrounding airspace are maintaining a safe distance from each other and that there is no risk of any collision in air. And lastly the en route controllers. They are the air traffic controller that monitors the aircraft after it leaves the airspace of the airport to make sure no e...
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7.2 air emissions

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 Airports are a necessity in major city’s now a days. They help us get to our destinations but also can be very harmful to the environment in many different ways like from the noise pollution they cause from the sounds of all the planes flying in and out of the airport all day. And also, with their pollution to the air with the gasses that the planes emit into the air when flying. These cause changes to the global climate but also hurt the local air quality. Although the impact of air pollution is usually small compared to non-aviation related sources it is still bad to have any at all. There are standards for aviation air pollution to try to keep it under control. Each engine must undergo a certification test to make sure it is below the limit set forth by the ICAO or international civil aviation organization.  The ICAO measures the emissions of the engines in phases, taxi, take-off, climb and approach. And with these they use a equation to figure out how much gas they are em...
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6.2 legislative act

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 There are many different legislative acts that helped shape the aviation industry, from the federal aviation act of 1961 that made it illegal to hijack an aircraft. Or the airway development act of 1970 that made the FAA in charge of certifying if the airport is safe or not. But one of the most important in my opinion is the aviation safety research act of 1988. Witch began our look into making the aviation industry as a whole safer. They researched aircraft ageing, human factors, improvement on runways and corrosion effects on the aircraft. As we know the aviation industry is highly focused on safety no days and this is where that focus began. They wanted to make their planes last longer and to know how long they can trust each plane to perform their task safely. This act led to better maintenance of the aircraft and overall safer travel for everyone aboard. But of course there are other very important acts that deserve attention like the air commerce act from 1926 that made the ...
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Human factors 5.3

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 Human factors to me means the risks associated with everyday workers. For instance,  feeling tired or being complacent are big problems associated with people working every day. This is especially big in the aviation industry because becoming complacent and missing a step when fixing something on your plane can cause it to malfunction or as a pilot feeling fatigued can cause slow reactions to a bad situation each leading possibly leading to a horrible outcome. Another human factor being stress is hard to combat sometimes with our field of work because of the strict deadlines, expensive equipment and lives that trust we did our jobs right. But there are many ways to combat this and each of the human factors like asking someone for help when feeling stressed or like you might have missed something. and when your fatigued you’ll need to communicate that with your team and find the appropriate course of action to keep everyone safe. Each of the human factors can spread throughout...
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threats on aviation security 4.3

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 There are many different threats that plague aviation security. But with everything becoming online and ran off of computers now days the threat of cyber attacks is very real to airports and flights everywhere. A cyber attack means an attempt by hackers to do damage, destroy or steal information. In an airport this can mean delaying flights or getting information on upcoming flights that could lead to a deadly attack.  One of the most notable cyber security attacks on an airline was in 2018 9.4 million passengers of Cathay pacific airlines had their information stolen. The attack was most frightening because the airlines still don’t know how it happened exactly. They know that the attacker entered via the server connected to the internet then they installed malware to steal the data. The airlines after investigation were found to have very low online protections like inadequate antivirus protection and non backup files. The attack was originally viewed as only suspicious acti...
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3.2 The importance of the hydraulic system

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       The hydraulic system is just high pressure fluid ran through many pumps and lines essentially but this system powers many of the aircrafts major components. It generates the power for the landing gears to move up and down, and many of the flight controls are powered by the hydraulic system. The system has a gage reading in the cockpit showing the pressure level so you can know if the system is failing or not, but what would happen if there was a failure? You could lose your ability to control your flight controls, or you could lose the ability to use your breaks. That’s exactly what happened in April 2018 to an airbus A320 leaving Melbourne, after takeoff they noticed low hydraulic pressure and called it in. They were advised to return to Malborne, and to land without breaks and nose steering. The made the landing safely and were towed to the terminal. The loss of hydraulic pressure was cause by a break in the line from rubbing of a bolt next to the line causi...
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